This contrast makes sunspots stand out even more. The surface of the Sun is a very busy place. Solar flares are a sudden explosion of energy caused by tangling crossing or reorganizing of magnetic field lines near sunspots. They appear dark because they are cooler than other parts of the Sun’s surface. At the same time, the hot gases blocked by these sunspots flow into the areas around them, making those areas even hotter and brighter than normal. Sunspots are areas that appear dark on the surface of the Sun. Because sunspots are cooler than the rest of the sun's surface, they look darker. The bunched up spots - actually twists in the magnetic field lines - have so much magnetic power that they push back the hot gases beneath them and prevent the heat from rising directly to the surface. (Specifically, a point on the equator takes 25 Earth days to go around, while a point near one of the poles takes 36 days to complete its rotation.) Over time, all that messy and uneven movement twists and distorts the sun's main magnetic field in the same way that your bed sheets get wrinkled and bunched up when you toss and turn in your sleep. Their motion across the Suns disk allows us to. The interior and the exterior of the sun rotate separately the outside rotates more quickly at the equator than at the solar north and south poles. Sunspots are dark regions where the temperature is up to 2000 K cooler than the surrounding photosphere. Sunspots occur because the sun isn't a hunk of rock like the Earth and the inner planets, but a ball of continually circulating hot gases that doesn't move in one piece. Sunspots are cooler because they're areas of intense magnetism - so intense that it inhibits the flow of hot gases from the sun's interior to its surface. That interior is surrounded by a larger, lighter area called the penumbra, which is about 500 degrees cooler than the rest of the sun. The dark interior of a sunspot, called the umbra, is about 1,600 degrees cooler than the rest of the sun's surface. Sunspots appear dark to us because they're cooler than the surrounding areas on the sun's visible surface, or photosphere, which has a temperature of about 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit (5,537.8 degrees Celsius).
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